The irrigation methods employed, however, made wheat cultivation unsustainable in the long term. Initially, the primary crop grown was wheat. Irrigation required constant upkeep and maintenance, but allowed for a great amount of food to be grown. Fields fed from these canals allowed for extensive cereal cultivation in order to produce bread and beer, the two staples of the Mesopotamian citizenry. Mesopotamians accomplished this through diverting water from the local rivers (Euphrates, predominantly) through an extensive system of irrigation canals. In order to maintain a static settlement of any appreciable size, extensive agricultural operations were required. I would like to expand upon something Daeres brought up in the last paragraph of the response, namely agriculture.
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